Climate change, as defined by the United Nations, pertains to long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns. It stems from two primary causes: natural factors and human activities. Natural causes include environmental variations, volcanic eruptions, and changes in solar activity. On the other hand, human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases form a layer that traps heat from the sun, leading to global warming. The five key greenhouse gases responsible for this phenomenon are carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapor. Among these, carbon dioxide emissions are the most significant driver of climate change. The concentration of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere has increased by 50% since the beginning of the industrial revolution, rising from 275 parts per million (ppm) to 410 ppm by 2020.
